高性能、低成本复合材料用环氧体系的研究

通过凝胶化测试和示差扫描量热分析(DSC)研究了CYD128环氧树脂/部分钝化间苯二甲胺固化体系的反应特性,测试了该体系浇铸体的力学性能和耐热性。设计了一种新型低成本真空辅助传递模塑(VARTM)成型工艺并研究了该成型工艺对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,浇铸体弯曲强度可达131.0 MPa,拉伸强度71.8 MPa,拉伸模量3.1 GPa,冲击强度37.5 kJ/m2,玻璃化温度(Tg)98.1℃。使用新工艺得到的复合材料力学性能优异,其中连续玻璃纤维、连续碳纤维增强复合材料弯曲强度分别达到950.2 MPa、1 097.4 MPa。     

聚醚型硅油改性水性聚氨酯的制备与性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、二羟甲基丙酸、聚醚型硅油等为原料制备了硅改性水性聚氨酯(PUDS)。采用红外光谱、透射电镜等对PUDS乳液及其涂膜进行了结构表征和性能测试,结果表明:有机硅有效地接枝在水性聚氨酯分子链上,涂膜耐水性显著提高,乳液稳定性良好,随着聚醚型硅油用量的增加,涂膜拉伸性能呈微弱下降趋势,当硅油用量为2%时,拉伸强度为16.7 MPa,断裂伸长率为753.7%,断裂强度15.8 MPa,综合性能优良。     

N-丁基-4-(6′-氨基己基)氨基-1,8-萘酰亚胺的合成及其与曙红Y的能量转移

以乙醇为溶剂、1,6-己二胺(HDA)和N-丁基-4-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺(BBN)为原料合成了N-丁基-4-(6′-氨基己基)氨基-1,8-萘酰亚胺(HBNT),考察了n(HDA):n(BBN)、反应温度、反应时间和溶剂用量对合成反应的影响。得到的适宜反应条件为:以乙醇为溶剂,n(乙醇):n(HDA):n(BBN)=114:28:1、反应温度80℃、反应时间7 h。在此条件下,HBNT的收率达96.2%。研究了HBNT在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙醇、二氯甲烷中的紫外-可见吸收性能和荧光发射性能,得到了HBNT的荧光量子收率等光物理性能数据。同时研究了HBNT与曙红Y之间的能量转移效应,研究结果表明,在浓度为5.0×10~(-5)mol/L的HBNT的DMF溶液中,当曙红Y浓度由0.5×10~(-5)mol/L增至10.0×10~(-5)mol/L时,能量转移效率从29.5%增至94.3%,曙红Y的荧光强度增强1.2～3.0倍。     

Butanol isomer separation using polyamide-imide/CD mixed matrix membranes via pervaporation

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising polyamide-imide (PAI) and α-, β- or γ-cyclodextrin (CD) have been investigated experimentally and computationally for isomeric n-butanol/tert-butanol (n-BuOH/t-BuOH) separation via pervaporation. Consistent with molecular simulation, experimental results show that the CD inclusion ability and butanol discrimination ability are dependent on both CD cavity size and butanol molecular size. The PAI membrane incorporated with α-CD has the smallest cavity and has the highest discrimination ability for the n-BuOH/t-BuOH pair but with a low butanol flux. The mixed matrix membrane embedded with γ-CD has the lowest selectivity and the highest flux. The PAI/β-CD membrane has a comparable selectivity and flux, and exhibits preferential sorption and diffusion selectivity toward n-BuOH. A maximum separation factor of 1.53 with a corresponding flux of 4.4 g/m² h are obtained at an optimal β-CD loading of 15 wt%. Further increments in the CD content eventually lead to a decrease in separation performance because of CD agglomeration and severe phase separation. To better understand the influence of CD on the separation performance of mixed matrix membranes, SEM, FTIR and XRD have been employed for membrane characterizations. The effect of n-butanol/t-butanol ratio in the feed composition has also been studied. It is found that both flux and separation factor decrease with increasing n-butanol content in the feed. The decline is attributed to the change in total vapor pressure at the upstream and the mutual drag effect of isomeric butanol molecules.     

多孔PDMS基底复合柔性互连导线拉伸时3D变形行为研究

目的 探究多孔聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)基底复合柔性互连导线的透气性能和延展性能,以使其更好地应用在医疗领域。方法 本文采用三维数字图像相关(3D-DIC)方法检测了25 ℃下不同孔隙率的多孔PDMS基底复合柔性互连导线单轴拉伸过程中导线与基底的面内应变失配和离面位移特征。在此基础上,本文引入平均位移(wm)和位移幅(wa)作为量化表征复合柔性电子离面变形的指标,并结合多孔PDMS基底的气密性实验结果评价了不同导线样品。结果 研究结果表明,多孔PDMS材料作为基底能显著降低复合柔性电子的离面变形程度,并使复合柔性电子具有良好的透气性。在相同拉伸载荷(20 N)和拉伸距离下,PDMS与去离子水质量比为6∶1时的多孔PDMS基底复合柔性互联导线具有稳定的离面变形变化量。结论 多孔PDMS基底复合柔性电子不仅具有良好的透气性,而且可以有效地增强金属互联层与柔性基底的粘连程度。本文所获得的PDMS与去离子水最佳掺杂质量比,可为制造高延展性多孔基底柔性电子器件提供参考。     

Hierarchically Branched Siloxane Brushes for Efficient Harvesting of Atmospheric Water

Atmospheric water harvesting is considered a viable source of freshwater to alleviate water scarcity in an arid climate. Water condensation tends to be more efficient on superhydrophobic surfaces as the spontaneous coalescence-induced droplet jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces enables faster condensate removal. However, poor water nucleation on these surfaces leads to meager water harvest. A conventional approach to the problem is to fabricate micro- and nanoscale biphilic structures. Nonetheless, the process is complex, expensive, and difficult to scale. Here, the authors present an inexpensive and scalable method based on manipulating the water-repellent coatings of superhydrophobic surfaces. Flexible siloxane can facilitate water nucleation, while a branched structure promotes efficient droplet jumping. Moreover, ToF-SIMS analysis indicated that branched siloxane provides a better water-repellent coating coverage than linear siloxane and the siloxanes comprise hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecular segments. Thus, the as-prepared superhydrophobic surface, TiO₂ nanorods coated with branched siloxanes harvested eight times more water than a typical fluoroalkylsilane (FAS)-coated surface under a low 30% relative humidity and performed better than most reported biphasic materials.     

甲基乙烯基硅橡胶泡沫的辐射效应

研究了室温下空气、真空或惰性气氛中6 0 Coγ射线对柔性开孔型甲基乙烯基硅橡胶泡沫的辐射效应。采用傅立叶红外分析仪、扫描电镜、裂解色谱 -质谱联用仪以及热失重分析仪等 ,对辐照前后的样品进行了分析。同时 ,使用色质联用仪对辐照后产生的气体进行了分析 ,并且测定了室温下试样的压缩性能、应力松弛率与吸收剂量的关系。结果表明 ,化学交联后的硅泡沫材料在低剂量 (2× 10 5Gy)下发生了第 2次交联 ,但随剂量的进一步提高 ,则以辐射降解为主。经不同剂量辐照以后 ,试样的力学性能有所改变     

Formation,structure and properties of polymer networks: theory and modelling

The application of a Monte-Carlo (MC) algorithm to account fully for loop formation in RA₂ + R′B₃ and RA₂ + R′B₄ polymerisations is described. The resulting interpretation of experimental elastic moduli of hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI)-based polyurethane networks prepared at different dilutions shows it is essential to account for elastic losses in loop structures of all sizes. An important parameter, x, is introduced, namely the average fractional loss of elasticity per larger loop structure relative to the loss per smallest loop structure. Values of x vary between 0.50–0.60, depending on junction point functionality, reactant or network chain stiffness and number of skeletal bonds per smallest loop structure. Application of the MC calculations to the formation and resulting structure of diphenylmethane diisocyanate(MDI)-based polyurethane networks and poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) networks again predicts significant reductions in modulus due to loop structures. However, comparison with experimental modulus data shows that the reductions in modulus due to loops are outweighed by increases due to chain interactions and to topological entanglements. Electronic Publication     

双马来酰亚胺改性芳香胺固化剂的合成与表征

以二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺(BMDPM)和芳香二胺为原料,经溶液反应合成了BMDPM改性二胺WDDM521,并以单官能环氧化合物丁基缩水甘油醚(GLY)对WDDM521二胺进行了化学增韧改性,得到GHJ1固化剂。改性二胺WD-DM521和GHJ1均适宜用作环氧树脂固化剂。研究了WDDM521溶液的反应温度,并采用红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)及核磁共振(NMR)等手段表征了上述2种固化剂的结构。     

测定钢板镀锌层质量的几种腐蚀液比较

化学溶解法是检验钢板镀锌层质量的一个主要手段。取不同的腐蚀液对镀锌层质量的影响进行了试验和对比。结果表明，选择盐酸-乙二胺（缓蚀剂）溶解锌层，锌层溶解后钢板表面光洁，所得结果的精确度令人满意。